Ciro Galli - There Aren't Objective Values

Value doesn't proceed from the supernatural realm but from the natural one. Value has to be physical because the capacity to value A or B over C can only be favored by natural selection in a physical world where resources are limited. Different brains value different things under the same circumstances. An ethereal approach could never account for value, for souls don't need. Need and survival shaped value in the brain.

But even if a religion could tell you what to value, that still wouldn't prove the existence of any gods or souls. There aren't objective reasons for value, for value is subjective by definition. Different neuro anatomical structures value different things depending on their evolutionary history. If you claim only your religion could tell you what to value objectively, it wouldn't be your personal value but someone else's. In that case you could only behave as valuing what you actually don't. External sources might suggest you what to value and whether those values are the right ones is arguable, and we might never actually know. The truth is, what you value is what your brain values. And your brain is "matter in motion," the only source value could come from, regardless of the illusion of the contrary.